About the Authors

Jeremiah Chikovore

JChikovore@hsrc.ac.za

Affiliations HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Tuberculosis Unit, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi

Lennarth Nystrom

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Gunilla Lindmark

Affiliation Section for International Maternal and Child Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

Beth Maina Ahlberg

Affiliations Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Skaraborg Institute for Research and Development, Skovde, Sweden

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Substantially contributed to content of paper: LN GL. Conceived and designed the experiments: JC GL BMA. Performed the experiments: JC BMA. Analyzed the data: JC LN GL BMA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JC BMA. Wrote the paper: JC BMA.