About the Authors

Yoshiomi Kobayashi

Contributed equally to this work with: Yoshiomi Kobayashi, Yohei Okada

Affiliations Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Yohei Okada

Contributed equally to this work with: Yoshiomi Kobayashi, Yohei Okada

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Go Itakura

Affiliations Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Hiroki Iwai

Affiliations Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Soraya Nishimura

Affiliations Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Akimasa Yasuda

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Satoshi Nori

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Keigo Hikishima

Affiliations Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa, Japan

Tsunehiko Konomi

Affiliations Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Kanehiro Fujiyoshi

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Murayama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

Osahiko Tsuji

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saitama Social Insurance Hospital, Saitama, Japan

Yoshiaki Toyama

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Shinya Yamanaka

Affiliation Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto, Japan

Masaya Nakamura

masa@a8.keio.jp (MN); hidokano@a2.keio.jp (HO)

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Hideyuki Okano

masa@a8.keio.jp (MN); hidokano@a2.keio.jp (HO)

Affiliation Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YK YO YT MN HO. Performed the experiments: YK YO HI S. Nishimura KH TK KF. Analyzed the data: YK HI S. Nishimura AY TK KF MN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YK YO GI HI S. Nishimura AY S. Nori KH TK KF OT SY. Wrote the paper: YK KH MN HO.