About the Authors

Mostafa A. Elfawal

Affiliation Laboratory of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Melissa J. Towler

Affiliation Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nicholas G. Reich

Affiliation Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Douglas Golenbock

Affiliation Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Pamela J. Weathers

Affiliation Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Stephen M. Rich

smrich@psis.umass.edu

Affiliation Laboratory of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DG MAE PJW SMR. Performed the experiments: MAE. Analyzed the data: MAE NGR SMR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PJW MJT NGR SMR. Wrote the paper: MAE PJW NGR SMR.