About the Authors

Kevin D. Shield

Kevin.shield@utoronto.ca

Affiliations Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Gerrit Gmel

Affiliation Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Tara Kehoe-Chan

Affiliations Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Deborah A. Dawson

Affiliations Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Kelly Government Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Bridget F. Grant

Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Jürgen Rehm

Affiliations Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KS DD BG JR. Performed the experiments: KS. Analyzed the data: KS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KS GG TK-C DD BG JR. Wrote the paper: KS BG DD JR.