About the Authors

Kazuhiro Kawamura

Contributed equally to this work with: Kazuhiro Kawamura, Yuan Chen, Yimin Shu

Affiliations Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan

Yuan Chen

Contributed equally to this work with: Kazuhiro Kawamura, Yuan Chen, Yimin Shu

Affiliation Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Yimin Shu

Contributed equally to this work with: Kazuhiro Kawamura, Yuan Chen, Yimin Shu

Affiliation Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Yuan Cheng

Affiliation Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Jie Qiao

Affiliation Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Barry Behr

Affiliation Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Renee A. Reijo. Pera

Affiliation Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Aaron J. W. Hsueh

aaron.hsueh@stanford.edu

Affiliation Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AJH RAR BB JQ. Performed the experiments: KK YC YS YC. Analyzed the data: KK YC YS YC. Wrote the paper: KK AJW.