About the Authors
- Serge A. Wich
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* E-mail: s.a.wich@ljmu.ac.uk
Affiliation Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- David Gaveau
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Affiliation Centre for International Forestry Research, Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, West Java, Indonesia
- Nicola Abram
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Affiliation Durrell Institute for Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
- Marc Ancrenaz
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Affiliations Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, HUTAN, Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, North England Zoological Society, Chester Zoo, Chester, United Kingdom
- Alessandro Baccini
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Affiliation The Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stephen Brend
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Affiliation Orangutan Foundation, London, United Kingdom
- Lisa Curran
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Affiliations Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, California, United States of America, Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Roberto A. Delgado
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Affiliation Departments of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, Program in Integrative and Evolutionary Biology (IEB), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
- Andi Erman
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Affiliation GFA/KWF, Kapuas Hulu Program, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Gabriella M. Fredriksson
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Affiliations Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics/Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Benoit Goossens
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Affiliations Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Willife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Simon J. Husson
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Affiliation Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project, c/o the Center for International Cooperation in the Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP), University of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Isabelle Lackman
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Affiliations Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, HUTAN, Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Andrew J. Marshall
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Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Graduate Group in Ecology, Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California Davis, California, United States of America
- Anita Naomi
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Affiliation Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia
- Elis Molidena
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Affiliation Centre for International Forestry Research, Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, West Java, Indonesia
- Nardiyono
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Affiliations Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Jakarta, Indonesia
- Anton Nurcahyo
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Affiliations Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Kisar Odom
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Affiliation Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Adventus Panda
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Affiliation World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), Sebangau Conservation Program/University of Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Purnomo
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Affiliation The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Jakarta, Indonesia
- Andjar Rafiastanto
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Affiliations Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Flora and Fauna International-Indonesia, Ragunan, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Dessy Ratnasari
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Affiliation Lembaga Living Landscapes Indonesia (LLI), Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Adi H. Santana
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Affiliation Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional (UNAS), Jakarta, Indonesia
- Imam Sapari
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Affiliations Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (YAYORIN), Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Carel P. van Schaik
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Affiliation Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Jamartin Sihite
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Affiliations Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Restorasi Habitat Orangutan Indonesia (RHOI), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
- Stephanie Spehar
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Affiliation Anthropology Program, Department of Religious Studies and Anthropology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Eddy Santoso
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Affiliation Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (YAYORIN), Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Amat Suyoko
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Affiliation Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Albertus Tiju
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Affiliations Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), West Kalimantan Program, Indonesia
- Graham Usher
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Affiliation Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia
- Sri Suci Utami Atmoko
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Affiliations Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional (UNAS), Jakarta, Indonesia
- Erik P. Willems
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Affiliation Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Erik Meijaard
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Affiliations People and Nature Consulting International, Ciputat, Jakarta, Indonesia, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Competing Interests
E. Meijaard is presently employed by People and Nature Consulting International (PNCI). PNCI had no role in the study, and the company does not benefit financially from the research. The affiliation with PNCI does not alter E. Meijaard's adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: SAW DG NA MA E. Meijaard. Performed the experiments: SAW DG NA MA GU E. Meijaard. Analyzed the data: SAW DG NA MA GU E. Meijaard. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SAW DG NA MA AB SB LC RAD AE GMF BG SJH IL AJM A. Naomi E. Molidena N A. Nurcahyo KO AP PAR DR AHS IS CPS JS SS ES AS AT GU SSUA EPW E. Meijaard. Wrote the paper: SAW DG NA MA E. Meijaard.