About the Authors
- Sanaa A. Ahmed
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Joy Awosika
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Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Carson Baldwin
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Affiliation United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
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Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Biswajit Biswas
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Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Stacey Broomall
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Affiliation United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America
- Patrick S. G. Chain
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Olga Chertkov
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Otar Chokoshvili
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Current address: Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia
Affiliation South Caucasus Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia
- Susan Coyne
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Affiliation United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Karen Davenport
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- J. Chris Detter
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- William Dorman
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Affiliation United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Tracy H. Erkkila
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Jason P. Folster
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Affiliation Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Kenneth G. Frey
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Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Matroner George
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Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Cheryl Gleasner
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Matthew Henry
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Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Karen K. Hill
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Kyle Hubbard
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Current address: United States Army Medical Research Institute for Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America
Affiliations United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America, Excet Inc, Springfield, Virginia, United States of America
- Joseph Insalaco
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Affiliations United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America, Science Applications International Corporation, Abingdon, Maryland, United States of America
- Shannon Johnson
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Aaron Kitzmiller
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Affiliation BioTeam, Inc., Middleton, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Michael Krepps
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Affiliations United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America, Excet Inc, Springfield, Virginia, United States of America
- Chien-Chi Lo
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Truong Luu
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Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Lauren A. McNew
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Current address: Program Executive Office, C3T, Cryptographic Systems, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America
Affiliation United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America
- Timothy Minogue
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Affiliation United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Christine A. Munk
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Brian Osborne
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Affiliation BioTeam, Inc., Middleton, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mohit Patel
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Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Krista G. Reitenga
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- C. Nicole Rosenzweig
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Affiliation United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America
- April Shea
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Affiliations United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America, Team Ke’aki Tech, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Xiaohong Shen
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Nancy Strockbine
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Affiliation Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Cheryl Tarr
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Affiliation Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Hazuki Teshima
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Eric van Gieson
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Affiliation Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Alexandria, Virginia, United States of America
- Kathleen Verratti
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Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Mark Wolcott
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Affiliation United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Gary Xie
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Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Shanmuga Sozhamannan
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Contributed equally to this work with: Shanmuga Sozhamannan, Henry S. Gibbons
Affiliation Naval Medical Research Center and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry S. Gibbons
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Contributed equally to this work with: Shanmuga Sozhamannan, Henry S. Gibbons
* E-mail: henry.s.gibbons.civ@mail.mil
Affiliation United States Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America
Competing Interests
Aaron Kitzmiller and Brial Osborne are employees of Bioteam, Inc.; Kyle Hubbard, and Michael Krepps are employees of Excet Inc.; Susan Coyne and April Shea are employees of Team Ke’aki Tech. These companies provided contract labor and informatics support for this project. None of these companies have financial interests that would be influenced by the publication of this work. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: SB HSG LAM TM CNR NS MW KBL BB SS JPF PSGC CD TE CG SJ CL KGR GX. Performed the experiments: SA JA CB CT KBL SB OC SC WD JPF KGF MG CG MH KKH KH JI TL LAM CAM KGR AS XS NS KV GX. Analyzed the data: SA CB KBL BB PSGC SC JPF HSG CG AK MDK TDM BO MP CNR AS SS MW GX. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: OChk. Wrote the paper: SA KBL BB KWD PSGC MH SLJ CCL TDM AS GX NS SS HSG.