About the Authors

Olivia Pucci

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Clifford Qualls

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America

Anne Battisti-Charbonney

Affiliation Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Dahlia Y. Balaban

Affiliation Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Joe A. Fisher

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jim Duffin

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Otto Appenzeller

OttoArun12@aol.com

Affiliation Department of Neurology, New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: OA JAF OP AB-C DYB JD. Performed the experiments: OP AB-C DYB JD. Analyzed the data: CQ OA JD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JD JAF CQ. Wrote the paper: OA. Conceived appropriate statistical analysis: CQ OA. Reviewed statisical analysis: JD.