About the Authors

Takehiko Shimizu

Affiliation Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan

Bao Ho

Affiliation Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Kathleen Deeley

Affiliation Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jessica Briseño-Ruiz

Affiliation Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Italo M. Faraco Jr

Affiliation Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Brett I. Schupack

Affiliation Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

João A. Brancher

Affiliation Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil

Giovana D. Pecharki

Affiliation Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil

Erika C. Küchler

Affiliation Clinical Research Unit, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Patricia N. Tannure

Affiliation Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Andrea Lips

Affiliation Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Thays C. S. Vieira

Affiliation Clinical Research Unit, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Asli Patir

Affiliation Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

Mine Yildirim

Affiliation Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Fernando A. Poletta

Affiliation Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina

Juan C. Mereb

Affiliation Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), Hospital de Area El Bolsón, Río Negro, Argentina

Judith M. Resick

Affiliation Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Carla A. Brandon

Affiliation Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Iêda M. Orioli

Affiliation Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP-CNPq), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Eduardo E. Castilla

Affiliations Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina, Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP-CNPq), Department of Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Mary L. Marazita

Affiliations Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Figen Seymen

Affiliation Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Marcelo C. Costa

Affiliation Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

José M. Granjeiro

Affiliation Clinical Research Unit, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Paula C. Trevilatto

Affiliation Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil

Alexandre R. Vieira

arv11@pitt.edu

Affiliations Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ARV TS PCT JMG MCC FS MLM EEC IMO JCM ECK. Performed the experiments: TS BH KD JB-R IMF BIS JAB GDP ECK PNT AL TCSV AP MY FAP JMR CAB JCM. Analyzed the data: TS ARV BH KD AP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: IMO EEC MLM FS MCC JMG PCT. Wrote the paper: TS ARV.