About the Authors

Laura Packel

ljpackel@gmail.com

Affiliation Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

Ann Keller

Affiliation School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

William H. Dow

Affiliation School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

Damien de Walque

Affiliation World Bank Development Research Group, The World Bank, Washington DC, USA

Rose Nathan

Affiliation Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Sally Mtenga

Affiliation Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WHD DD RN. Performed the experiments: LP SM. Analyzed the data: LP AK WHD DD SM. Wrote the paper: LP AK WHD DD.