About the Authors

Anne F. Rositch

arositch@jhsph.edu

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Ann Gatuguta

Affiliation Department of Community Health, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya

Robert Y. Choi

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Brandon L. Guthrie

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Romel D. Mackelprang

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Rose Bosire

Affiliation Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

Lucy Manyara

Affiliation Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi, Kenya

James N. Kiarie

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Jennifer S. Smith

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Carey Farquhar

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Smith has received consultancy and research grants from GSK and Merck Corporation over the past five years. The remaining authors have no competing interests to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AFR RB RDM JSS CF. Performed the experiments: AFR RYC RB LM JNK. Analyzed the data: AFR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: Wrote the manuscript: AFR AG BG JSS CF.