About the Authors

Valentina Gallo

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Johan P. Mackenbach

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Majid Ezzati

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Gwenn Menvielle

Affiliations Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France, Université of Versailles Saint Quentin, Versailles, France

Anton E. Kunst

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Sabine Rohrmann

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Rudolf Kaaks

Affiliation Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany

Birgit Teucher

Affiliation Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany

Heiner Boeing

Affiliation Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany

Manuela M. Bergmann

Affiliation Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany

Anne Tjønneland

Affiliation Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark

Susanne O. Dalton

Affiliation Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark

Kim Overvad

Affiliation Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

Maria-Luisa Redondo

Affiliation Public Health and Participation Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain

Antonio Agudo

Affiliation Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain

Antonio Daponte

Affiliations CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Barcelona, Spain, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain

Larraitz Arriola

Affiliations CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Barcelona, Spain, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Spain

Carmen Navarro

Affiliations CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain, Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain

Aurelio Barricante Gurrea

Affiliations CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Barcelona, Spain, Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain

Kay-Tee Khaw

Affiliation University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nick Wareham

Affiliation Medical Research Council – Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Tim Key

Affiliation Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Androniki Naska

Affiliation World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

Antonia Trichopoulou

Affiliations World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece

Dimitrios Trichopoulos

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America, Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Greece

Giovanna Masala

Affiliation Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy

Salvatore Panico

Affiliation Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy

Paolo Contiero

Affiliation Cancer Registry and Environmental Epidemiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy

Rosario Tumino

Affiliation Cancer Registry and Histopathological Unit, Civile M. P. Arezzo Hospital, Ragusa, Italy

H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita

Affiliations National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Peter D. Siersema

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Petra P. Peeters

Affiliation Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Sophia Zackrisson

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Sweden

Martin Almquist

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University Hospital Lund and Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Sture Eriksson

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Göran Hallmans

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Guri Skeie

Affiliation Institutt for samfunnsmedisin, Universitetet i Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway

Tonje Braaten

Affiliation Institutt for samfunnsmedisin, Universitetet i Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway

Eiliv Lund

Affiliation Institutt for samfunnsmedisin, Universitetet i Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway

Anne-Kathrin Illner

Affiliation Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Traci Mouw

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Elio Riboli

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Paolo Vineis

p.vineis@imperial.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

This study was partly funded by a grant of the Compagnia di San Paolo to the ISI Foundation. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VG RK HB A. Thrichopuolou KO AA CN ABG KTK TK A. Tjønneland DTG. Menvielle SP RT HBBM PPP GH EL ER PV. Performed the experiments: SR RK BT HB MMB A. Thrichopuolou SOD KO MLR AA AD LA CN ABG KTK NW TK AN A. Tjønneland DT G. Masala SP PC RT HBBM PDS PPP SZ MA SE GH GS TB EL AKI TM ER PV. Analyzed the data: VG JPM ME PV G. Menvielle AEK. Wrote the paper: VG JPM ME G. Menvielle AEK SR RK BT HB MMB A. Thrichopuolou SOD KO MLR AA AD LA CN ABG KTK NW TK AN A. Tjønneland DT G. Masala SP PC RT HBBM PDS PPP SZ MASE GH GS TB EL AKI TM ER PV.