About the Authors

Shreyas S. Athavale

Affiliations School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Anton S. Petrov

Affiliations School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Chiaolong Hsiao

Affiliations School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Derrick Watkins

Affiliations School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Caitlin D. Prickett

Affiliations School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

J. Jared Gossett

Affiliations School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Lively Lie

Affiliations School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Jessica C. Bowman

Affiliations School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Eric O'Neill

Affiliations School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Chad R. Bernier

Affiliations School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Nicholas V. Hud

Affiliations School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Roger M. Wartell

Affiliations School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Stephen C. Harvey

Affiliations School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Loren Dean Williams

loren.williams@chemistry.gatech.edu

Affiliations School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, NAI Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SSA ASP CH DW CDP LL RMW SCH NVH LDW. Performed the experiments: SSA ASP DW CDP LL. Analyzed the data: SSA ASP DW CDP LL JJG NVH SCH RMW LDW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JCB EO CRB JJG. Wrote the paper: SSA LDW ASP RMW NVH SCH.