About the Authors

John R. Ussher

Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Clifford D. L. Folmes

Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Wendy Keung

Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Natasha Fillmore

Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Jagdip S. Jaswal

Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Virgilio J. Cadete

Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Donna L. Beker

Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Victoria H. Lam

Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Liyan Zhang

Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Gary D. Lopaschuk

gary.lopaschuk@ualberta.ca

Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JRU GDL. Performed the experiments: JRU CDLF WK NF VJC DLB LZ. Analyzed the data: JRU CDLF JSJ VHL GDL. Wrote the paper: JRU JSJ VHL GDL.