About the Authors

Victoria Johnston

victoria.johnston@lshtm.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Katherine Fielding

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Salome Charalambous

Affiliation Department of Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa

Mildred Mampho

Affiliation Department of Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa

Gavin Churchyard

Affiliations Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa

Andrew Phillips

Affiliation Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Alison D. Grant

Affiliation Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VJ KLF AP ADG. Performed the experiments: VJ MM. Analyzed the data: VJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: VJ SC GC. Wrote the paper: VJ. Responsible for designing and implementing the original programme: GC SC ADG KLF. Provided the research infrastructure which supported this study: GC SC.