About the Authors

Kathi A. Lefebvre

Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov

Affiliation Exposure Assessment and Biomedical Models, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Elizabeth R. Frame

Affiliation Exposure Assessment and Biomedical Models, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Frances Gulland

Affiliation The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California, United States of America

John D. Hansen

Affiliation U. S. Geological Survey-Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Preston S. Kendrick

Affiliation Exposure Assessment and Biomedical Models, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Richard P. Beyer

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Theo K. Bammler

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Frederico M. Farin

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Emma M. Hiolski

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Donald R. Smith

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

David J. Marcinek

Affiliation Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Fisheries, the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KAL DJM JDH FG ERF RPB TKB FMF. Performed the experiments: KAL ERF FG PSK EMH. Analyzed the data: KAL ERF JDH RPB TKB EMH DRS DJM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KAL FG JDH RPB TKB FMF DJM. Wrote the paper: KAL FG JDH RPB TKB EMH DRS DJM.