About the Authors

Jamie Tallent

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Stuart Goodall

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Tibor Hortobágyi

Affiliation University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Alan St Clair Gibson

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Duncan N. French

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Glyn Howatson

glyn.howatson@northumbria.ac.uk

Affiliations School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, Centre for Aquatic Research, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JT SG TH AG DF GH. Performed the experiments: JT SG GH. Analyzed the data: JT SG AG TH GH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JT SG TH AS DF GH. Wrote the paper: JT SG TH AS DF GH.