About the Authors

Motoko Kawashima

motoko-k@a3.keio.jp (MK); tsubota@z3.keio.jp (KT)

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Tetsuya Kawakita

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Takaaki Inaba

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Naoko Okada

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Masataka Ito

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan

Shigeto Shimmura

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Mitsuhiro Watanabe

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Ken Shinmura

Affiliation Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Kazuo Tsubota

motoko-k@a3.keio.jp (MK); tsubota@z3.keio.jp (KT)

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

Financial support was provided by NRL Pharma, Kawasaki, Japan. There were no other relationships (employment, consultancy, patents, products in development or marketed products) between the authors and NRL Pharma. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MK KS KT. Performed the experiments: MK TI NO MI MW. Analyzed the data: MK TI NO MI MW. Wrote the paper: MK TK SS MW KS KT.