About the Authors
- Caroline L. Relton
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Affiliation HNRC, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Alexandra Groom
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* E-mail: alix.groom@ncl.ac.uk
Affiliation HNRC, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Beate St. Pourcain
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Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Adrian E. Sayers
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Affiliation Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Daniel C. Swan
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Affiliation Bioinformatic Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Nicholas D. Embleton
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Affiliations Newcastle Neonatal Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Mark S. Pearce
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Affiliation Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Susan M. Ring
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Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Kate Northstone
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Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Jon H. Tobias
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Affiliation Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Joseph Trakalo
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Andy R. Ness
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Affiliation School of Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Seif O. Shaheen
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Affiliation Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- George Davey Smith
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Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
Novo Nordisk contributed funds towards the assessment in childhood, but were not involved in the project during the original interventions which were funded by Nutricia UK. Novo Nordisk played no role in the protocol development or analysis of the data. The authors have no relevant conflicts of interest relating to employment, consultancy, patents, products in development or marketed products etc. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: CLR GDS. Analyzed the data: BStP AES CLR. Wrote the paper: CLR AG RStP AS DCS NDE MSP SMR KN JHT JT ARN SOS GDS. Undertook the follow-up of the PTBGS: NDE. Statistical support: MSP. Extracted relevant data and biological samples from the ALSPAC study: GDS SMR KN. Contributed to fat and lean mass assessment of the ALSPAC study: ARN JHT. Undertook gene expression analysis: AG. Bioinformatic support of gene expression analysis: DCS. Oversaw the Illumina GoldenGate DNA methylation analysis of ALSPAC study samples: SOS.