About the Authors

Brian A. Ference

bference@med.wayne.edu

Affiliations Division of Translational Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Wonsuk Yoo

Affiliations Division of Translational Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

John M. Flack

Affiliation Division of Translational Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Michael Clarke

Affiliations Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, All-Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BAF WY JMF MC. Performed the experiments: BAF WY. Analyzed the data: BAF WY JMF MC. Wrote the paper: BAF WY JMF MC.