About the Authors

Kazuhiro Shimo

Affiliation Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan

Takefumi Ueno

Affiliation Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Jarred Younger

Affiliation Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Makoto Nishihara

Affiliation Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan

Shinsuke Inoue

Affiliation Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan

Tatsunori Ikemoto

Affiliation NPO Pain Medicine Research Information Center, Kochi, Japan

Shinichirou Taniguchi

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan

Takahiro Ushida

ushidat-koc@umin.ac.jp

Affiliations Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KS T. Ushida. Performed the experiments: KS T. Ushida. Analyzed the data: KS T. Ueno JY MN SI T. Ushida. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TI ST. Wrote the paper: KS T. Ueno JY T. Ushida.