About the Authors

Joseph Calvin Kouokam

Affiliation Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Dana Huskens

Affiliation Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Dominique Schols

Affiliation Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Andrew Johannemann

Affiliation Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Shonna K. Riedell

Affiliation Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Wendye Walter

Affiliation Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Janice M. Walker

Affiliation Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Nobuyuki Matoba

Affiliation Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Barry R. O'Keefe

Affiliation Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Kenneth E. Palmer

kepalm02@louisville.edu

Affiliation Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: Author Barry O'Keefe is listed as an inventor on patent applications relating to the use of Griffithsin as an antiviral and owned by the National Institutes of Health/Public Health Service. Author Kenneth Palmer holds equity interest in a company that previously licensed the National Institutes of Health Griffithsin technologies. Dormeur Investment Service Ltd. partly funded the study. The following patents have been granted: US Patent No. 7,884,178, and related international filings under the PCT (application number WO/2005/118627), including Canadian Patent 2567728, Australian Patent 2005250429, European Patent 2005804849, Japanese Patent 2007515398, New Zealand Patent 551375 and South African Patent 2006/09573. The parent patent US 7,884,178 was issued on February 8th, 2011. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JCK DH DS AJ SKR NM BRO KEP. Performed the experiments: JCK DH AJ SRK WW JMW KEP. Analyzed the data: JCK DH DS AJ SKR NM BRO KEP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KEP. Wrote the paper: KEP JCK.