About the Authors

Corrie Macdonald-Wallis

C.Macdonald-Wallis@bristol.ac.uk

Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Debbie A. Lawlor

Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Jon Heron

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Abigail Fraser

Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Scott M. Nelson

Affiliation Centre for Population and Health Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Kate Tilling

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CMW DAL KT. Analyzed the data: CMW. Wrote the paper: CMW DAL JH AF SMN KT.