About the Authors

Jeongeun Lee

Affiliations Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Andrew S. Hirsh

Affiliations Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ben S. Wittner

Affiliations Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Morgan L. Maeder

Affiliations Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Rajasekhar Singavarapu

Affiliations Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Magdalena Lang

Affiliations Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sailajah Janarthanan

Affiliation Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ultan McDermott

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Research Limited, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Vijay Yajnik

Affiliation Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sridhar Ramaswamy

Affiliations Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

J. Keith Joung

dsgroi@partners.org (DCS); jjoung@partners.org (JKJ)

Affiliations Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Dennis C. Sgroi

dsgroi@partners.org (DCS); jjoung@partners.org (JKJ)

Affiliations Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DCS JKJ SR ASH VY. Performed the experiments: JL ASH MLM ML RS JKJ UM. Analyzed the data: JL MLM SR BSW JKJ DCS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JL MLM SR BSW JKJ UM DCS SJ. Wrote the paper: JL BSW SR JKJ DCS.