About the Authors

Michael A. Curran

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Myoungjoo Kim

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Welby Montalvo

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Aymen Al-Shamkhani

Affiliation Cancer Sciences Division, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom

James P. Allison

allisonj@mskcc.org

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. James P. Allison is a paid consultant for Bristol-Myers Squib and is the primary inventor on the patent “Blockade of T lymphocyte down-regulation associated with CTLA-4 signaling” (US Patent 7229628; Submitted 12/07/199; Published: 06/12/2007) which has been been licensed by UC Berkeley to Bristol-Myers Squib. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MAC JPA. Performed the experiments: MAC MK WM. Analyzed the data: MAC MK JPA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AA-S. Wrote the paper: MAC. Proof-read manuscript: JPA MK AA-S.