About the Authors

John W. Ayers

jayers@jhsph.edu

Affiliations Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, San Diego, California, United States of America

Kurt Ribisl

Affiliation Gillings School of Global Public Health and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

John S. Brownstein

Affiliation Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Analyzed the data: JW A KMR JSB. Wrote the paper: JWA KMR JSB. Conceived and designed the study: JWA KMR JSB.