About the Authors

Robert A. Whittington

raw9@columbia.edu (RAW); emmanuel@planel.org (EP)

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

László Virág

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

François Marcouiller

Affiliation Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Neurosciences, Québec, Canada

Marie-Amélie Papon

Affiliation Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Neurosciences, Québec, Canada

Noura B. El. Khoury

Affiliation Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Neurosciences, Québec, Canada

Carl Julien

Affiliation Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Neurosciences, Québec, Canada

Françoise Morin

Affiliation Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Neurosciences, Québec, Canada

Charles W. Emala

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Emmanuel Planel

raw9@columbia.edu (RAW); emmanuel@planel.org (EP)

Affiliation Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Neurosciences, Québec, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RAW EP. Performed the experiments: RAW EP LV FM MAP NBEK FM. Analyzed the data: RAW EP LV FM MAP NBEK FM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RAW EP CWE. Wrote the paper: RAW EP.