About the Authors

Martin W. G. Brinkhof

Contributed equally to this work with: Martin W. G. Brinkhof, Ben D. Spycher

Affiliation Division of International and Environmental Health, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Ben D. Spycher

Contributed equally to this work with: Martin W. G. Brinkhof, Ben D. Spycher

Affiliation Division of International and Environmental Health, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Constantin Yiannoutsos

Affiliation Division of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Ralf Weigel

Affiliation Lighthouse Trust at Kamuzu Central Hospital and Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi

Robin Wood

Affiliation Faculty of Health Sciences, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Eugène Messou

Affiliation Programme PAC-CI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Andrew Boulle

Affiliation School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Matthias Egger

egger@ispm.unibe.ch

Affiliation Division of International and Environmental Health, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Jonathan A. C. Sterne

Affiliation Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

for the International epidemiological Database to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MWB ME JACS. Performed the experiments: MWB BS. Analyzed the data: MWB BS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CTY RW RW EM AB JACS. Wrote the paper: MWB BS CTY RW RW EM AB ME JACS.