About the Authors

Nobuyuki Matoba

n.matoba@louisville.edu

Affiliations Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Adam S. Husk

Affiliation Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America

Brian W. Barnett

Affiliation Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America

Michelle M. Pickel

Affiliation Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Charles J. Arntzen

Affiliation Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

David C. Montefiori

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Atsushi Takahashi

Affiliation Faculty of Pharmacy and College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Fukushima, Japan

Kazunobu Tanno

Affiliation KIIM Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Inc., Fukushima, Japan

Satoshi Omura

Affiliation Kitasato Institute for Lifescience, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan

Huyen Cao

Affiliation California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America

Jason P. Mooney

Affiliation California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America

Carl V. Hanson

Affiliation California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America

Haruo Tanaka

Affiliations Faculty of Pharmacy and College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Fukushima, Japan, KIIM Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Inc., Fukushima, Japan

Competing Interests

H.T. and K.T. are members of KIIM Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Inc., which owns the intellectual properties and the commercialization rights of A.H.. H.T., S.O., K.T., and A.T. are listed as inventors on patent applications related to actinohivin. These conditions do not alter the authors' adherence to PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. Materials and information associated with the authors' publication will be freely available to those as reasonably requested for the purpose of academic, non-commercial research.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NM CJA SO HT. Performed the experiments: NM ASH BWB MMP JPM. Analyzed the data: NM DCM HC CVH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DCM AT KT HC CVH HT. Wrote the paper: NM.