About the Authors

Jonathan M. Starkey

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Yingxin Zhao

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Stark Diabetes Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, McCoy Diabetes Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Rovshan G. Sadygov

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Sigmund J. Haidacher

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, McCoy Diabetes Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Wanda S. LeJeune

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, McCoy Diabetes Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Nilay Dey

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Bruce A. Luxon

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Institute for Translational Science Biomedical Informatics Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Maureen A. Kane

Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Joseph L. Napoli

Affiliation Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Larry Denner

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Stark Diabetes Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, McCoy Diabetes Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Ronald G. Tilton

rgtilton@utmb.edu

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, Stark Diabetes Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, McCoy Diabetes Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LD RGT. Performed the experiments: SJH WSL ND MAK RGT. Analyzed the data: JMS YZ RGS SJH BL MAK JN LD RGT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YZ RGS MAK. Wrote the paper: JMS YZ BL MAK JN LD RGT.