About the Authors

Canchao Yang

Contributed equally to this work with: Canchao Yang, Wei Liang

Affiliations School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China, Centre for Advanced Study (CAS), Oslo, Norway

Wei Liang

Contributed equally to this work with: Canchao Yang, Wei Liang

Affiliations College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China, Centre for Advanced Study (CAS), Oslo, Norway

Yan Cai

Affiliation College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, People's Republic of China

Suhua Shi

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

Fugo Takasu

Affiliations Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara, Japan, Centre for Advanced Study (CAS), Oslo, Norway

Anders P. Møller

Affiliations Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, Centre for Advanced Study (CAS), Oslo, Norway

Anton Antonov

Affiliations Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Centre for Advanced Study (CAS), Oslo, Norway

Frode Fossøy

Affiliations Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Centre for Advanced Study (CAS), Oslo, Norway

Arne Moksnes

Affiliations Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Centre for Advanced Study (CAS), Oslo, Norway

Eivin Røskaft

Affiliations Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Centre for Advanced Study (CAS), Oslo, Norway

Bård G. Stokke

Bard.Stokke@bio.ntnu.no

Affiliations Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Centre for Advanced Study (CAS), Oslo, Norway

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CY WL YC SS FT AM ER BGS. Performed the experiments: CY WL YC SS. Analyzed the data: CY APM AA FF BGS. Wrote the paper: CY WL FT APM AA FF AM ER BGS.