About the Authors

Sophie Smout

scs10@st-andrews.ac.uk

Affiliation Scottish Oceans Institute & Centre for Research into Environmental and Ecological Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom

Christian Asseburg

Affiliation Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Economics (CEPPE), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Jason Matthiopoulos

Affiliation Scottish Oceans Institute & Centre for Research into Environmental and Ecological Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom

Carmen Fernández

Affiliation Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Vigo, Spain

Stephen Redpath

Affiliation Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen and Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Simon Thirgood

† Deceased.

Affiliation The Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

John Harwood

Affiliation Scottish Oceans Institute & Centre for Research into Environmental and Ecological Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SR ST. Performed the experiments: SR ST. Analyzed the data: SCS CA JM CF JH. Wrote the paper: SCS CA JM JH.