About the Authors

Justin K. Valley

Affiliation Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center (BSAC), Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Paul Swinton

Affiliation Gladstone Transgenic Gene-Targeting Core Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

W. John Boscardin

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Tom F. Lue

Affiliation Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Paolo F. Rinaudo

Affiliation Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Ming C. Wu

Affiliation Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center (BSAC), Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Maurice M. Garcia

mgarcia@urology.ucsf.edu

Affiliation Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

J.V., T.L., M.W., and M.G. have U.S. Patents and U.S. Patents Pending regarding OET and its applications described herein. This work was not funded or supported (either directly or indirectly) by commercial or corporate interests.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JV MG. Performed the experiments: JV PS MG. Analyzed the data: JV WJB TL PR MCW MG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JV PS WJB PR MCW MG. Wrote the paper: JV PS WJB TL PR MCW MG.