About the Authors

Pauli N. Amornkul

pamornkul@iavi.org

Current address: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Affiliations Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC, Kisumu, Kenya

Hilde Vandenhoudt

Current address: Belgian Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Affiliation KEMRI/Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Kisumu, Kenya

Peter Nasokho

Current address: Management Sciences for Health, Nairobi, Kenya

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC, Kisumu, Kenya

Frank Odhiambo

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC, Kisumu, Kenya

Dufton Mwaengo

Current address: University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Affiliations Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC, Kisumu, Kenya

Allen Hightower

Affiliations Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC, Kisumu, Kenya

Anne Buvé

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium

Ambrose Misore

Current address: Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), Kisumu, Kenya

Affiliation Republic of Kenya Ministry of Health, Kisumu, Kenya

John Vulule

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya

Charles Vitek

Affiliation Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Judith Glynn

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Alan Greenberg

Current address: George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America

Affiliation Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Laurence Slutsker

Affiliation Division of Parasitic Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Kevin M. De Cock

Current address: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Affiliation Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PNA HV FOO AB AM JV JRG AG LS KMDC. Performed the experiments: PNA HV FOO DM AM JV. Analyzed the data: PNA HV PN FOO DM AH AB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PNA HV PN FOO DM AH AB AM JV CV JRG AG LS KMDC. Wrote the paper: PNA HV PN AH AB KMDC. Substantive reviews of manuscript drafts: CV.