About the Authors

Mark E. Polhemus

mark.polhemus@us.army.mil

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

Shon A. Remich

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

Bernhards R. Ogutu

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

John N. Waitumbi

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

Lucas Otieno

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

Stella Apollo

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

James F. Cummings

Affiliation Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Kent E. Kester

Affiliation Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Christian F. Ockenhouse

Affiliation Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Ann Stewart

Affiliation Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Opokua Ofori-Anyinam

Affiliation GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals s.a., Rixensart, Belgium

Isabelle Ramboer

Affiliation GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals s.a., Rixensart, Belgium

Conor P. Cahill

Affiliation GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals s.a., Rixensart, Belgium

Marc Lievens

Affiliation GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals s.a., Rixensart, Belgium

Marie-Claude Dubois

Affiliation GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals s.a., Rixensart, Belgium

Marie-Ange Demoitie

Affiliation GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals s.a., Rixensart, Belgium

Amanda Leach

Affiliation GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals s.a., Rixensart, Belgium

Joe Cohen

Affiliation GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals s.a., Rixensart, Belgium

W. Ripley Ballou

Affiliation GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals s.a., Rixensart, Belgium

D. Gray Heppner Jr.

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

Competing Interests

WRB, JC, AL, OO, ML, MCD,MAD, PM, IR and CC are currently employed by GSK Biologicals or were employed at the time the study was conducted. WRB, JC, AL, OO, and MCD hold shares in GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. JC, WRB, VAS and DGH are all inventors on patents relating to malaria vaccines.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MP SAR BRO JW LO SA JFC KEK CFO VAS OOA IR CPC ML MCD MAD AL JDC WRB DGH. Performed the experiments: MP SAR BRO JW LO SA JFC KEK VAS DGH. Analyzed the data: MP SAR BRO JW KEK OOA IR CPC ML MCD MAD AL JDC WRB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JFC CFO VAS MCD MAD JDC DGH. Wrote the paper: MP AL WRB. Contributed to the writing of the paper: SAR BRO JW LO SA JFC KEK CFO VAS OOA IR CPC ML MCD MAD JDC WRB DGH.