About the Authors

Raheem Peerani

Affiliations Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Kento Onishi

Affiliation Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Alborz Mahdavi

Affiliations Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Eugenia Kumacheva

Affiliations Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Peter W. Zandstra

Peter.zandstra@utoronto.ca

Affiliations Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RP AM EK PWZ. Performed the experiments: RP KO AM. Analyzed the data: RP KO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EK PWZ. Wrote the paper: RP PWZ.