About the Authors
- Antonella Torosantucci
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Affiliation Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Paola Chiani
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Affiliation Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Carla Bromuro
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Affiliation Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Flavia De Bernardis
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Affiliation Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Angelina S. Palma
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Affiliation Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Yan Liu
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Affiliation Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Giuseppina Mignogna
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Affiliation Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
- Bruno Maras
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Affiliation Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
- Marisa Colone
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Affiliation Departments of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Annarita Stringaro
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Affiliation Departments of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Silvia Zamboni
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Affiliation Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Ten Feizi
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Affiliation Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Antonio Cassone
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* E-mail: antonio.cassone@iss.it
Affiliation Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: AT PC CB FDB AP YL GM BM MC AS SZ TF AC. Performed the experiments: PC CB FDB AP YL GM BM MC AS SZ. Analyzed the data: AT PC CB FDB AP YL GM BM MC AS SZ TF. Wrote the paper: AT TF AC. Coordinated and supervised all activities, revised the manuscript and took overall responsibility for manuscript scientific content: AC. Responsible for general planning of in vitro and in vivo investigations, for analysis of results and for writing the manuscript: AT. In vitro investigation: PC CB. Performed the in vivo testing with the rat vaginal model: FDB. Performed microarrays of saccharides: AP. Performed MALDI-TOF and synthesis of saccharides: YL. Performed mass spectrometry experiments and cell wall protein identification: GM BM. Performed electron microscopic investigations: MC AS. Performed sequencing of antibodies: SZ. Responsible for microarrays investigations and contribution to writing the paper: TF.