About the Authors

Ivana Vu

Affiliation Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Gillian Smelick

Affiliation Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Sam Harris

Affiliation Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Sarah C. Lee

Affiliation Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Ernesto Weil

Affiliation Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Lajas, Puerto Rico, United States of America

Robert F. Whitehead

Affiliation Center for Marine Science, The University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States of America

John F. Bruno

jbruno@unc.edu

Affiliation Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: IV GS SH SCL EW JFB. Performed the experiments: IV GS SH SCL EW JFB. Analyzed the data: IV GS RFW JFB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GS EW RFW JFB. Wrote the paper: IV GS SH EW RFW JFB.