About the Authors

Robert M. Suryan

rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu

Affiliation Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon, United States of America

David J. Anderson

Affiliation Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Scott A. Shaffer

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Long Marine Laboratory, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Daniel D. Roby

Affiliation USGS-Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America

Yann Tremblay

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Long Marine Laboratory, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Daniel P. Costa

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Long Marine Laboratory, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Paul R. Sievert

Affiliation USGS-Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources Conservation, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Fumio Sato

Affiliation Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, Abiko, Chiba, Japan

Kiyoaki Ozaki

Affiliation Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, Abiko, Chiba, Japan

Gregory R. Balogh

Affiliation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America

Noboru Nakamura

Affiliation Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, Abiko, Chiba, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RS. Performed the experiments: RS. Analyzed the data: RS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RS DJA SS YT DC FS. Wrote the paper: RS DJA SS DR YT DC. Theoretical contributions: DR. Contributed data: DJA PS FS KO NN. Conducted field work: PS FS KO NN. Facilitated international collaborations to permit research and conducted some field work: GB.