About the Authors

Alassane Dicko

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Issaka Sagara

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Ruth D. Ellis

Affiliation Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Kazutoyo Miura

Affiliation Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Ousmane Guindo

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Beh Kamate

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Moussa Sogoba

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Mohamed Balla Niambelé

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Mady Sissoko

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Mounirou Baby

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Amagana Dolo

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Gregory E. D. Mullen

Current address: Division of Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Affiliation Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Michael P. Fay

Affiliation Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Mark Pierce

Affiliation Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Dapa A. Diallo

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Allan Saul

Affiliation Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Louis H. Miller

*E-mail: lmiller@niaid.nih.gov (LHM); okd@mrtcbko.org (OKD)

Affiliation Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Ogobara K. Doumbo

*E-mail: lmiller@niaid.nih.gov (LHM); okd@mrtcbko.org (OKD)

Affiliation Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LM AS OD DD IS ADicko MF MB ADolo RE KM GM. Performed the experiments: OD DD IS ADicko MSogoba MN OG MB MSissoko ADolo RE BK GM MP. Analyzed the data: LM AS OD IS ADicko MF RE KM MP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LM AS DD MSogoba MN OG MB MSissoko ADolo KM BK GM. Wrote the paper: LM AS OD DD IS ADicko MF MSogoba MN OG MB MSissoko ADolo RE KM BK GM MP.