About the Authors

Daphne I. Ling

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Laura L. Flores

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Lee W. Riley

Affiliations Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Madhukar Pai

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: madhukar.pai@mcgill.ca

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Participated in the study design: LR. Assisted in the analysis: LR. Participated in study selection and data extraction: LF DL. Assisted in the data analysis: LF. Performed data analysis: DL. Wrote the draft manuscript: DL. Designed the study: MP DL. Assisted in data analysis and interpretation: MP. Edited the manuscript: MP LF LR. Provided supervision: MP.