About the Authors
- Jian J. Duan
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Affiliation Ecological Technology Center, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Michelle Marvier
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*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mmarvier@scu.edu
Affiliation Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- Joseph Huesing
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Affiliation Ecological Technology Center, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Galen Dively
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Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Zachary Y. Huang
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Affiliation Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
Competing Interests
Two of the authors, Jian Duan and Joseph Huesing, are employed by Monsanto Company, which produces and markets Bt crops.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: MM JD. Analyzed the data: MM JD. Wrote the paper: MM JD ZH JH GD.