About the Authors

Otto Tschritter

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Anita M. Hennige

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Hubert Preissl

Affiliations Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Katarina Porubska

Affiliations Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany

Silke A. Schäfer

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Werner Lutzenberger

Affiliation Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Fausto Machicao

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Niels Birbaumer

Affiliations Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Human Cortical Physiology, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Andreas Fritsche

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Hans-Ulrich Häring

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hans-ulrich.haering@med.uni-tuebingen.de

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Competing Interests

A.F. and H.-U.H. obtained the grant of the DFG and H.-U.H. obtained the grant of NovoNordisk. A.F. and O.T. obtained travel cost reimbursement by NovoNordisk for attending scientific meetings.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HH NB AF OT HP KP. Performed the experiments: OT KP SS. Analyzed the data: AF OT HP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NB FM AH WL. Wrote the paper: HH AF AH OT. Other: Study supervision: HH NB.