About the Authors

Li Chen

Affiliation Centre for Global Health Research, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Prabhat Jha

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: prabhat.jha@utoronto.ca

Affiliation Centre for Global Health Research, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Bridget Stirling

Affiliations Centre for Global Health Research, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Sema K. Sgaier

Affiliation Centre for Global Health Research, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Tina Daid

Affiliation Centre for Global Health Research, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Rupert Kaul

Affiliations Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Nico Nagelkerke

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

for the International Studies of HIV/AIDS (ISHA) Investigators

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PJ LC BS TD. Analyzed the data: NN LC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SS TD. Wrote the paper: PJ RK NN LC BS SS TD.