About the Authors

Robert J. Greenstein

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: BGAxis@aol.com

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America

Liya Su

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America

Vahram Haroutunian

Affiliation Psychiatry, VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America

Azra Shahidi

Affiliation Microbiology, VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America

Sheldon T. Brown

Affiliation Infectious Diseases, VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The corresponding author (RJG) has submitted provisional patent applications based on the hypotheses that were tested in this study. The final author (STB) was a member of the National Academy of Sciences panel that issued the 2003 report entitled “Diagnosis and Control of Johne's Disease”.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RG SB. Performed the experiments: RG LS. Analyzed the data: RG LS VH AS SB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RG VH AS SB. Wrote the paper: RG SB.