Rethinking Clinical Trials of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Participant and Assessor Blinding Is Inadequate at Intensities of 2mA

• Neil E. O’Connell ,

  * E-mail: neil.oconnell@brunel.ac.uk

  Affiliation Centre for Research in Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom

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• John Cossar,

  Affiliation Centre for Research in Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom

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• Louise Marston,

  Affiliation Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Benedict M. Wand,

  Affiliation School of Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia

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• David Bunce,

  Affiliation Centre for Cognition and Neuroimaging, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom

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• G. Lorimer Moseley,

  Affiliation Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, & Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia

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• Lorraine H. De Souza

  Affiliation Centre for Research in Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom

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