Spillway-Induced Salmon Head Injury Triggers the Generation of Brain αII-Spectrin Breakdown Product Biomarkers Similar to Mammalian Traumatic Brain Injury

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Ann Miracle ,

* E-mail: ann.miracle@pnl.gov

Affiliation Environmental Sustainability Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
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Nancy D. Denslow,

Affiliation Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Kevin J. Kroll,

Affiliation Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Ming Cheng Liu,

Affiliation Center of Innovative Research, Banyan Biomarkers Inc, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
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Kevin K. W. Wang

Affiliations Center of Innovative Research, Banyan Biomarkers Inc, Alachua, Florida, United States of America, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Reader Comments

Hopefully this will be the first of many studies that will identify biomarkers that will be useful in the policy planning milieu.

Brain damage
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Salmon
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Biomarkers
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Head injury
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Traumatic brain injury
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Proteases
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Traumatic injury
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Wildlife
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