Extensive Geographic Mosaicism in Avian Influenza Viruses from Gulls in the Northern Hemisphere

Michelle Wille; Gregory J. Robertson; Hugh Whitney; Mary Anne Bishop; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Andrew S. Lang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020664

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Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Extensive Geographic Mosaicism in Avian Influenza Viruses from Gulls in the Northern Hemisphere

Michelle Wille,

Affiliation Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
⨯
Gregory J. Robertson,

Affiliation Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland, Canada
⨯
Hugh Whitney,

Affiliation Animal Health Division, Department of Natural Resources, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
⨯
Mary Anne Bishop,

Affiliation Prince William Sound Science Centre, Cordova, Alaska, United States of America
⨯
Jonathan A. Runstadler,

Affiliation Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
⨯
Andrew S. Lang

* E-mail: aslang@mun.ca

Affiliation Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
⨯

Extensive Geographic Mosaicism in Avian Influenza Viruses from Gulls in the Northern Hemisphere

Michelle Wille,
Gregory J. Robertson,
Hugh Whitney,
Mary Anne Bishop,
Jonathan A. Runstadler,
Andrew S. Lang

Published: June 15, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020664

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mallards

Posted by gsgs on 07 Jul 2011 at 04:36 GMT

but gull-flu is usually distant from the bird-(mallard-)-amino-acid index in the inner segments
and won't go back to mallards to create new strains that survive for long. It drives away from that index and eventually dies, so I think gulls don't play a major role in longterm intercontinental flu-evolution, which is led by mallards.

No competing interests declared.

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Extensive Geographic Mosaicism in Avian Influenza Viruses from Gulls in the Northern Hemisphere

Extensive Geographic Mosaicism in Avian Influenza Viruses from Gulls in the Northern Hemisphere

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mallards

Posted by gsgs on 07 Jul 2011 at 04:36 GMT