High GUD Incidence in the Early 20th Century Created a Particularly Permissive Time Window for the Origin and Initial Spread of Epidemic HIV Strains

João Dinis de Sousa; Viktor Müller; Philippe Lemey; Anne-Mieke Vandamme

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009936

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Research Article

High GUD Incidence in the Early 20^th Century Created a Particularly Permissive Time Window for the Origin and Initial Spread of Epidemic HIV Strains

João Dinis de Sousa ,

* E-mail: joao.sousa@rega.kuleuven.be

Affiliation Laboratory for Clinical and Evolutionary Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Viktor Müller,

Affiliation Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
⨯
Philippe Lemey,

Affiliation Laboratory for Clinical and Evolutionary Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Anne-Mieke Vandamme

Affiliations Laboratory for Clinical and Evolutionary Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
⨯

High GUD Incidence in the Early 20^th Century Created a Particularly Permissive Time Window for the Origin and Initial Spread of Epidemic HIV Strains

João Dinis de Sousa,
Viktor Müller,
Philippe Lemey,
Anne-Mieke Vandamme

Published: April 1, 2010
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009936

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Chitnis et al (2000) called attention to a plethora of risk factors

Posted by jdsousa on 20 Apr 2010 at 06:13 GMT

hunting intensification
http://plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009936#article1.body1.sec1.p4

We recognize here that this phrasing may mislead the reader into thinking that Chitnis et al (2000) (ref.5) proposed “hunting intensification” as the only factor responsible for HIV origins. In reality, Chitnis et al (2000) called attention to a plethora of risk factors that peaked in early 20th century in French Equatorial Africa (AEF) and French West Africa (AOF) and may have contributed to HIV emergence: hunting intensification possibly associated with rubber collection, fleeing from forced labour, and fire weapons proliferation; parenteral risks, including smallpox inoculations and use of unsterile needles; increase in sexual promiscuity, including commercial sex work.

No competing interests declared.

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High GUD Incidence in the Early 20^th Century Created a Particularly Permissive Time Window for the Origin and Initial Spread of Epidemic HIV Strains

High GUD Incidence in the Early 20^th Century Created a Particularly Permissive Time Window for the Origin and Initial Spread of Epidemic HIV Strains

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Chitnis et al (2000) called attention to a plethora of risk factors

Posted by jdsousa on 20 Apr 2010 at 06:13 GMT